TO THE
K I N G ' S
Most Excellent M A J E S T I E.
Hen
I find out puzling and preplext Matters, that may be brought to Terms
of Number, Weight and Measure, and consequently be made demonstrable;
And when I find Things of vast and general Concernment, which may be discuss'd
in a few Words: I willingly ingage upon such Undertakings, especially
when they tend to your Majesty's Glory and Greatness, and the Happiness
of your People, being one of them myself, and
Your Majesty's most Faithful
and Obedient Subject
Wm. Petty.
OME
have Imagined, there being about 1300 Thousand People in Ireland, that
to bring a Million of them into England, and to leave the other 300 Thousand
for Herdsmen and Dairy-Women behind, and to quit all other Trades in Ireland,
but that of Cattle onely, would effect the Settlement, Improvement, and
Union, above propounded.
But against this Method there lyes this gross and obvious Objection, vizt. That the Transporting of a Million of People, will cost a Million of Pounds; That the Housing, and other Goods in Ireland, which will be lost hereby, are worth Two Millions more: Nor is it safe to Estimate other Damages and Expenses, consequent to this Undertaking, at less than one Million more; in all at 4 Millions of Expence and Damage. To which Objection there is a Gross Answer: which is, That by Bringing a Million of People into England, where are 7 already, the King's Revenue of Customs, Excise, and Hearths, will rise from 7 to 8, that is, to 200 Thousand Pounds per Ann. more then at present : which Increase, at 20 Years Purchase, is above 4 Millions, and more than the Loss above-mentioned. Now where the King's Revenue, shall Naturally and Spontaneously increase, it is rationally to be suppos'd, That the People's Wealth may increase 20 Times as much, The Public Revenue being, almost by a Law of Nature, the 1/20 Part of the People's Expence.
Wherefore suspending any further Answer to the said gross Objection, we proceed to say, That the Transplantation and new Cattle-Trade above-propounded, will produce the Effects hereafter mentioned. (vizt.)
Political Pastimes and Paradoxes: In an
Essay concerning a Perpetual Peace and Settlement
of Ireland. With the Natural Union of both Kingdoms and Peoples.
By this Title we mean the several Points following. (vizt)
Hat
whereas there are in Ireland about 8 Roman Catholicks for one of all other
Perswasions, So to order the People of both Nations and Religions, that
there may be in England about 8 Non-Catholicks to one Roman Catholick,
and 36 Times more Catholicks than at present: Whereas there are now about
280 others for one of them.
2. To enable the People of England and Ireland, to spend, in the several
Comforts and Conveniencies of Life, 5 Millions-worth of Commodities per
Ann. more than at present: The Value whereof is, at 20 Year's Purchase,
One Hundred Millions, As also to raise the present Value of Ireland from
2 to 3.
3. To increase the King's present Revenue of both those Kingdoms, to about
1/5 more than at present, without Increasing any
Burthen upon the Subjects : So as the said Revenue may be sufficient for
all Ordinary and Extraordinary Occasions, both in Peace and Warr.
4. To increase the Church-Revenues and Emoluments about -1
more than at present: and so as, besides the present Maintenance of the
Legal Clergy, to afford competent Gratifications (if the King please)
for such Churchmen and Divines of other Perswasions, as do promote the
Peace and Piety of the People.
5. To cut up the Roots of those Evils in Ireland, which by Differences
of Births, Extractions, Manners, Languages, Customs, and Religions, have
continually wasted the Blood and Treasure of both Nations for above 500
Years; and have made Ireland, for the most Part, a Diminution and a Burthen,
not an Advantage, to England.
6. To settle the Names, Bounds, Titles, and Value, of the Lands in Ireland
; so as to coin the same into a currant Coin, better than that of Gold
and Silver, for any Trade Domestic or Foreign.
The State of the Case represented in Terms of Number, Weight, and Measure; and thereby made capable of Demonstrations. (vizt)
E suppose England and Wales to consist of about 36 Millions of Statute
Acres and Ireland of about half the same Number.
2. That in England, Wales, Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man, are
25 Thousand Roman Catholicks, Men, Women, and Children: and 7 Millions
and 75 Thousand of all other Perswasions.
3. That in Ireland are 1300 Thousand People ; whereof 8 of 9 are Roman
Catholicks. (vizt) 145 Thousand Non-Catholicks of all Sorts, and
1155 Thousand Catholicks.
4. That the Rents of the Lands of Ireland, are about 1200 Thousand Pounds
per Ann. and those of England about 11 Millions.
5. The Rents in England are worth 20 Year's Purchase, and
those of Ireland (Ano. 1687) about 10 Years.
6. That the Territory of Ireland will Breed and Feed 6 Millions of Beeves
of 3-years-old apiece; or the Equivalent in other Species of Cattle.
7. That 300 Thousand Herdsmen and Dairy-Women are sufficient to manage
the Trade of the said Cattle.
8. That amongst Beeves, or great Cattle, < Part are, or may be, Milch-Cows;
and that 1/5 part of the whole may be slaughter'd
every Year, without Prejudice to the main Stock.
9. That as many Cattle as Ireland will breed, are worth about 6 Millions
of Pounds.
10. That 4000 Men at Sea, 2000 Horse, and 15000 Foot at Land, being the
1/10 of the 150 Thousand Heardsmen, supposed to
be left in Ireland, is a sufficient Guard for that Kingdom, and more proper
than what has ever yet bin instituted, and a good Beginning of a real
Mare Clausum.
11. That the Expence of the People in Ireland, at a Medium, is 5l.
per Head, and in England 6l. 13s. 4d. per Ann.
12. That the Value of all Houses in Ireland, and Goods not fit to be brought
into England, or to be used in the Cattle-Trade, is about 2 Millions.
13. That the Maintenance of as many Divines, as are fit for 300 Thousand
Heardsmen &c. above mention'd, need not be above 20 Thousand Pounds
per Ann. So as a 100 Thousand Pounds per Ann. of the Church Revenues in
Ireland, may be brought into England, for Church-Uses.
14. That England neve:6r got out of Ireland 200 Thousand Pounds per Ann.
nor (till of late) any Revenue at all to the King.
15. That now Ireland will send into England directly, or into Foreign
Parts (which at last will terminate in England) at least 1500 Thousand
Pounds per Ann.
16. That 20 Shillings may serve, with good Method and Order, to bear Travelling
Charges of Men, Women and Children, one with another, from the Middle
of Ireland to the Middle of England; being about 120 Miles by Land.
17. That when the Trade of 6 Millions-worth of Cattle is
made so Simple, Easy, and Constant, in the Breeding, Feeding, and Vending
the same; the Value of the said Stock of Cattle must needs be rais'd thereby
to at least 1/6 Part more, and become worth 7 Millions;
especially if the Interest of Money shall fall from 3 to 2, or from 10
per Cent. to 6l. 13s. 4d.
18. When there shall be but 300 Thousand Souls in Ireland, and t hose
all Herdsmen and Dairywomen (whereas there are now 1300 Thousand of higher
Quality) the Charge of the Clergy there will not be so great by 100 Thousand
Pounds per Ann. as now : It being now about 120 Thousand Pounds per Ann.
in Church-Lands, and appropriate Tyths.
19. The Charge of the Civil Government in Ireland, under the Paucity and
Simplicity of the People above-mentioned, being but a Kind of Factory,
needs be but 1/5 of what it is at present, or about
5000 Thousand £ per Ann. For then the horrible Expence of Law-Suits
will be almost abolish'd.
20. The King's Revenue of England is suppos'd to be 1800 Thousand Pounds
per Ann. That of Ireland 270 Thousand neat: And that of Scotland 130 Thousand
; In all 2 Millions 2 hundred Thousand Pounds.
The 6 first mention'd Points are proved out of the 20 Suppositions or Assertions next before-going. (vizt)
S
to the first Point or Advantage: Which is that, granting the Catholicks
in Ireland are to all others as 8 to one, or rather as 1157 Thousand to
143 Thousand, the whole People being 1300 Thousand Souls: We say that
when a Million are Transported out of Ireland into England, the Proportions
now and then are, and will be, as in the Table following.
vizt
So as the Non-Catholicks left in Ireland will be as now about 1/9 of the whole, or 1/8 of the Catholicks; And in England, after the Transportations of a Million, the Catholicks will be 915 Thousand, and the others 7185 Thousand ; which differs little from the above-mention'd Proportions in Ireland. And having thus made this great Transplantation in Paper and Conceit, it remains to shew by what Means or Methods the same may be really executed.
I forbear to say that the Conquerors of ancient Times and even now in the Oriental Countreys, do execute their Conquest, by Carrying away Captives into their own Countreys, and not by Maintaining great Armies, in the Conquer'd Countreys, to keep the Conquer'd Party in Subjection, which Overplus of Number and Reputation will doe at home, especially, when the Conquerors have Land enough, to employ all the Hands both of their Conquering and Captive Subjects. Nor do we insist upon an Act of Parliament in Ireland, to force a Million of People to Remove out of their Native Countrey; or an Act of Parliament in England to force them hither: Which may be interpreted, in a Case between Catholicks and others, to be a Breach of the Liberty of Conscience lately granted by his Majestie. Wherefore, we shall rather shew, That it will be the Profit, Pleasure, and Security of both Nations and Religions to Agree herein. In Order whereunto we shall consider the Present Inhabitants of Ireland, not as old Irish, or such as lived there about 516 Years ago, when the English first medled in that Matter; Nor as those that have been added since, and who went into Ireland between the first Invasion and the Change of Religion; Nor as the English who went thither between the said Change, and the Year 1641, or between 1641 and 1660; Much less, into Protestants and Papists, and such who speak English, and such who despise it.
But rather consider them
1° As such as live upon the King's Pay.
2° As owners of Lands and Freeholds.
3° As Tenants and Lessees to the Lands of others.
4° As Workmen and Labourers.
As to the first, the King may command them to Dwell and Reside where he pleases.
As for Land-Owners, the King is able, and it would be his Profit, to buy a great Part of them out, at the present-full-Market- Rate. But without Compulsion. If the propounded Transplantation will raise the Prices from the present 10 Years Purchase or less, to about 20 as in England ; And if the possess'd Landlords, not selling their Lands in Ireland, should make more Benefit of the said Lands and Stocks, by putting them under the new Method of Plantation, whilst themselves do withal become Farmers in England, for the Equivalent to their own Estates in Ireland.
As for the Tenants, Farmers, and Lessees now in Ireland, they may well remove into England to be Farmers there, to live in a more cultivated Countrey, and in more Elegant Company, and Variety of Entertainments; and where the Landlords of England shall see Cause to Lett them good Bargains and bid them Welcom.
And as for Labourers, it is manifest they live in Ireland cheaper than in England but by 1/3 Part; whereas their ordinary Wages is near double in England. But how these Tempting Profits shall arise, is the next Point of this Discourse.
How to enable the People of England and Ireland to spend 5 Millions worth of Commodities more than now : And how to raise the present Value of the Lands and Goods of Ireland from 2 to 3.
His
is to be done. 1. By bringing one Million of the present 1300 Thousand
of the People out of Ireland into England, tho' at the Expence of a Million
of Money. 2. That the remaining 300 Thousand left behind be all Herdsmen
and Dairy-women, Servants to the Owners of the Lands and Stock Transplanted
into England ; all aged between 16 and 60 Years, and to quit all other
Trades, but that of Cattle, and to import nothing but Salt and Tobacco.
Neglecting all Housing, but what is fittest for these 300 Thousand People,
and this Trade, tho' to the Loss of 2 Millions-worth of Houses.
Now if a Million of People be worth 70l. per Head one with
another, the whole are worth 70 Millions; then the sd People,
reckon'd as Money at 5 per Cent. Interest, will yield 3 Millions and a
half per Ann. (3.) And if Ireland send into England 1 Million and a half
worth of Effects (receiving nothing back) Then England will be enriched
from Ireland, and otherwise, 5 Millions per Ann. more than now : Which,
at 20 Year's Purchase, is worth one Hundred Millions of Pounds Sterling,
as was propounded. Now to prove the People thus Transplanted worth
70l. , per Head : I say first, That the present Rents of
all the Lands of Ireland doth not exceed 1200 Thousand Pounds per Ann.
Nor does it appear, by the Civil Survey of Ireland, to have been even
so much before the Commotions Anno 1641. Moreover the Value of all the
Stock of Ireland exceeds not 6 Millions; the Interest whereof, at 10 per
Cent. is 600 Thousand Pounds, and the Rent of the Housing
to be neglected, not above 200 Thousand Pounds per Ann. in all 2 Millions.
The Expence of 1300, Thousand People (at 5l. per Head per
Ann. one with another) is 6= Millions : Out of which deducting the said
2 Millions for the Lands, Housing and Stock, the Remainder is 4= Millions:
Which, at 20 Year's Purchase is worth 90 Millions: And if 1300 Thousand
People be worth go Millions, each Head must be worth very near 70 Pounds.
An ordinary Artisan earns 20d. per Diem, or 26l. per Ann. and may live very well upon 12l. and save 14l. per Ann. Which, at 10 Year's Purchase for a Life, makes 140l. , the Double of 70l. , the Medium between & 140.
If the Rents of the Lands of England and Wales be 11 Millions, when the People are but 7 Millions, then the Addition of another Million will make the Rents 1/7 Part more than now, and the Number of Year's Purchase will be 1/7 more also: So as the Land will rise from 7 Times 7 (which is 49) to 8 Times 8 (which is 64) or from about 3 to 4, by Adding a Million of Hands: And consequently if the Lands of England be worth 11 Millions per Ann. they are, at 20 Year's Purchase, worth 220 Millions now: And being improved in the Proportion of 49 to 64, or from 3 to 4, they will be worth 73 Millions more than now, answerable to the value of Additional Hands afore-mentioned.
4. Nor is it difficult to believe, That People, who may live in England upon 6l. 13s. 4d. per Ann. may earn so much, and 3l. , 10s. 0d. more per Ann. At which Rate a Million of People make 3= Millions of Superlucration per Ann.
As to the next Point, that Ireland may send into England 1= Millions worth of Commodities, receiving nothing back: I say that if Ireland be Stock'd with 6 Millions of Great Cattle or Beeves, That < of them or 1500 Thousand, being Milch-Cows, will yield Butter and Cheese worth 24 shill. per Ann. apiece. In all 1800 Thousand Pounds. And that 1/5 of them be Yearly Slaughter'd at 30s. per Head will make 1800 Thousand Pounds more. In all 3600 Thousand Pounds : Of which Summ 2000 Thousand Pounds must be spent in Ireland, to maintain 300 Thousand Heardsmen and Dairy-Women, and 100 Thousand Pounds to maintain the Forces, Clergy and Civil Government. The rest (being 1500 Thousand Pounds) may be sent either directly into England; or into Foreign Parts, at length to be also return'd thither.
The last Point of this Chapter is to shew, how the present Value of Ireland shall, by this new Oeconomy, rise in Value from 2 to 3. To which I say, That if the Rents be under 1200 Thousand Pounds per Ann. and Lands, in the Year 1687, not worth 10 Year's Purchase,
And we say that upon that Settlement and Union of People by this new-inexpensive Government and Simplicity of Trade, the Lands of Ireland will be worth 20 Year's purchase, as well as in England and Scotland : And consequently 24 Millions, and the Stock liable before to Distress and other Disturbances, Law-Suits, and Thefts, will rise at least from 6 to 7
And out of 31 Millions deducting one Million for the Charge of Transplanting a Million of Heads; the Remainder will be 30 Millions, which now is but 20.
That the King's Revenue in England and in Ireland, supposed to be 2070 Thousand Pounds, will be increased to above 1/5 Part more (vizt) to above 414 Thousand Pounds; and even to 450 Thousand Pounds: So as to be in all 2520 Thousand Pounds.
Or
if in England the Duties of Excise, Customs, and Hearths be above 1400
Pounds; then by the Addition of one Million of People to the 7 which are
already, the said 1400 Thousand Pounds, must be above 1600 Thousand Pounds,
or 200 Thousand Pounds more than at present.
Moreover if the Produce of 1500 Thousand Milch-Cows, at 24 Shillings each, be 1800 Thousand Pounds, and of the 1200 Thousand Slaughter'd Beeves, be 1800 Thousand Pounds more, in all 3600 Thousand Pounds, Out of which 2 Millions of Pounds are to be pay'd as Wages to the 300 Thousand Servants, and 80 Thousand Pounds to the LandForces and Civil Government of Ireland, and 20 Thousand Pounds to the Clergy; in all 2100 Thousand Pounds, then the Remainder sent into England will be 1500 Thousand Pounds: Which added to the 3= Millions arising from the Improvement of the Land in England (as aforesaid) will make the whole to be 5 Millions; the 1/20 Part thereof is 250 Thousand Pounds: Which, with the 200 Thousand Pounds Increase from the Customs, Excise, and Hearths, makes up the 450 Thousand Pounds above-mentioned. I here add that if, by the like Transplantation out of the HighLands in Scotland, into the Low-Lands of the same, or into England, the 130 Thousand present Revenue of Scotland should increase 1/5 Part, and become 156 Thousand Pounds: So the Revenue of the 3 Kingdoms would be 2676 Thousand Pounds.
Now if the Charge of England could be defray'd for 1300 Thousand Pounds per Ann. in Times of Peace, and that of Ireland with 200 Thousand Pounds, and that of Scotland with 68 Thousand Pounds (the 1/3 of Ireland) in all with 1568 Thousand Pounds per Ann. the Overplus would be 1108 Thousand Pounds. Now for as much as in England there has not been found, for these many years, more than one Year of Warr to 3 of Peace, the said Overplus of 1108 Thousand Pounds for three Years of Peace would be 3324 Thousand Pounds: Which added to the Yearly Revenue of 2676 Thousand Pounds will make a Stock of 6 Millions for the Year of Warr: Which is thrice as much as has been spent in any late Year of Warr, and consequently sufficient for all Uses in View. We further say that because the King's Revenue in Ireland is at present 270 Thousand Pounds neat ; and because but 80 Thousand Pounds thereof is by this New Model to be spent in Ireland; It follows that 190 Thousand Pounds more must be paid him in England out of the 1500 Thousand Pounds above-mentioned to be sent thither.
And moreover because the Church-Benefices of Ireland are 120 Thousand Pounds per Ann. whereof onely 20 Thousand Pounds, by this new Model, is to be spent by the Clergy in Ireland; It follows that the remaining ioo Thousand Pounds be transferred to Church Uses in England: And consequently when 290 Thousand Pounds of iSoo Thousand Pounds shall be paid to the King and Church, there will remain 1210 Thousand Pounds payable to the Owners of Irish Lands and Stock, who live in England.
F
the Charge of the Clergy in Ireland be now 120 Thousand Pounds per Ann.
and after the Transplantation no more than 20 Thousand Pounds, then there
will be 100 Thousand Pounds per Ann. overplus; which will afford 100l.
per Ann. to 1000 Divines dissenting from the Authoriz'd Religion,
whose Business may be, to keep Peace among their Flocks, and dispose them
to Obedience towards their Sovereign.
Lastly, if the Lands of all England increase from 49 to 64, or from 3
to 4, those of the Church will do the same also.
How to take away all the Evils arising from Differences of Births, Extractions, Languages, Manners, Customs, Religion, and Laws, and Pretence whatsoever.
Here
is no Person or Party in Ireland, of what religion soever, who denies
the King of England to be King of Ireland also.
2. Whereas there are Disputes concerning the Superiority of Parliament;
now there will need no Parliament in Ireland to make Laws among the Cow-Herds
and Dairy-Women: Nor indeed will there be any Peers, or Free-holders,
at all in Ireland, whereof to make a Parliament.
3. There will be little Pomp or Expence in the Chief Governor &c.
the onely Business being to regulate the simple Cattle Trade to the best
common Advantage.
4. The Courts of judicature may be much abated, for that there will be
little or no Variety of Cases or Actions.
5. The Officers of Ports will need onely to keep an Account of Exportation,
where there are no Importations, or very little or simple.
6. The Work of the Clergy will require little intricate Learning or School-Divinity.
7. The 267 Thousand Catholicks may be such as can all speak English, and
who will take English Names.
8. The Lands upon the down-Survey, may also have English Names put upon
them.
9. The Transplanters into England may do the same.
10. The 300 Thousand left in Ireland are all Servants to those who live
in England, having no Property of their own, in Land or Stock.
11. Money need be but little and that Local.
12. Cloths may be uniform, and withal equal, and also most commodious
for the People's Employments.
13. The Catholic Priests may be English-men.
14. The 15000 militia Men being 1/10 of the whole
Number of Men, may serve by Turns as Soldiers every tenth Year.
15. The 4000 Men at Sea in 40 small Ships are enough to begirt Ireland,
or to keep a Guard between the North of Ireland and Scotland : as also
between Scilly and Kingsale, as the beginning of a real Mare Clausum.
16. The Lands may be valu'd according to the annual Increase of Flesh
produceable from the same, restraining and reducing all other Respects
to that one.
17. Controversies concerning Estates in Ireland, may be determined in
England, where the Pretenders are now to Live.
18. Whereas it may be offensive to make Estimates of the Number of Men
slain in Ireland for the last 516 Years; and of the Value of the Money
and Provisions, sent out of England thither; Of the Charge of the last
Warr begun Anno 1641 ; The Value of the Wasting and Dispeopling the Countrey,
Charges at Law for the last 30 Years &c. We say that the same may
be all spared, Since all may be probably remedied and forgotten by the
Means and Methods above-mentioned.
How the Names, Bounds, Titles, and Values, of Lands may be settled and ascertained; with Remedy of the Miscarriages, which have happened in the 35 Years last past in the Disposures of them.
Et
the down-Survey be finished according to the Clause in the 73d. Page of
the Explanatory Act, and a certain Number of Denominations be pitched
upon to be onely used in Public Instruments and Conveyances; and let the
Spellings of each be also ascertained and published, and withal to every
Surround upon the Plotts and down-Survey be added an English Name.
2. Let all controverted Bounds, be perambulated by the Persons concern'd,
and the Determination of them be described by the Chain and Needle.
3. Let all remaining Wrangles about the title be determined in England
by indifferent Persons, without respeEt to Nation and Religion, and then
well and clearly registred.
4. Let the Value of each Denomination be expressed by the Increase of
Flesh producible from the same at a Medium of 7 Years, reducing all other
Qualities into that onely.
5. Let the Number of Years Purchase be determined by the common Voice
of both Nations, to be renewed every 7 Years.
6. And let there be a Registry of all these Matters and of all Alienations
from Hand to Hand.
Memorandum. That it may, as an Objection, be asked, Why a Million of People
might not rather be sent out of England into Ireland, to raise the Number
in Ireland from 4 to 7, and reduce that of England from 7 to 6. I answer,
No.
For the Value of Lands in England being 220 Millions, the Taking away
one Million of it's 7 Millions of Inhabitants would lessen it's Value
from 49 to 36, or from 4 to 3 to the Loss of 55 Millions. And the Value
of the Lands of Ireland being but 12 Millions, the Increase
of its Inhabitants would but raise it's Value from 16 to 49 or from 1
to 3, and make it rise from 12 to 36 Millions, to the Gain of 24 Millions
for Ireland, & ye Loss of 55 from England.
Whereas the Transplantation of a Million into England gains 100 Millions
in Common to England and Ireland, and 10 Millions in special to Ireland,
besides many other Benefits to both Nations, which do not fall under the
Computation of Numbers. From hence may be drawn a General Rule to compute
the Profits or Loss of Sending People, out of England or Ireland, to the
American Colonies, and indeed from any City or Countrey to another, whose
Value and People are known.
A Repetition and Enlargement of what has been here said.
Hat
the Present Number of Roman Catholicks in England may be increased from
25 Thousand to 915 Thousand, or from one to above 36, without forcing
any Man's Conscience.
2. That the People of England and Ireland may gain 3= Millions per Ann.
out of the Earth and Sea, and from Foreign Nations; and that England may
get from Ireland 1= Million more: In all 5 Millions per Ann. by this Atchievment.
3. That the King's Revenue in England and Ireland may be advanced from
2070 Thousand Pounds to 2520 Thousand Pounds: And by Addition of 156 Thousand
Pounds per Ann. from Scotland to 2676 Thousand Pounds in all.
4. That the Charge of the Whole Government in Time of Peace may be possibly
defrayed for 1568 Thousand Pounds, Leaving an Overplus of 1108 Thousand
Pounds per Ann.
5. That there being 3 Years of Peace in these Nations for
one of Warr, the said 3 Years Overplus will be 3324 Thousand Pounds; which,
added to 2676 Thousand Pounds, will make a Bank of 6 Millions Pounds for
the one Year of War.
6. That the said 2676 Thousand Pounds per Ann. will not be the 1/20
Part of the Expence of the Nation ; and therefore so far from being
intolerable, that it will scarce be a sensible Burthen.
7. That what was said of Bringing a Million of People into England. out
of Ireland, and Leaving 300 Thousand Heardsmen &c. behind; may be
apply'd to Scotland, by bringing 300 Thousand People out of the High-Lands
into the Low-Lands or England, and leaving 100 Thousand Herdsmen behind
in the High-Lands, or Northermost Third Part of that Countrey.
8. Upon this Transplantation, join'd with the former, the People inhabiting
in England and Wales, and the Low-Lands of Scotland, will be 9300 Thousand;
And their Expence, at 6l. 13s. 4d. per Head will
be 62 Millions per Ann. the 1/20 Part whereof is
above 3 Millions per Ann. and much above the 2676 Thousand Pounds above-mentioned
for the Public Revenue.
9. When the whole People shall be 9300 Thousand, as above-said, the English,
Scotch, and Irish, Catholicks, living among them, will be near 920 Thousand,
or near 1/10 of the whole, whilst in the High-Lands
of Scotland there may be no Catholicks at all, keeping 267 Thousand in
Ireland.
10. The above-mentioned Provision of 6 Millions for a Year of Warr will
maintain triple the greatest Land-Army and Sea-Fleet, that have (at any
Time) been seen in or about England, with all the Civil Charges beside.
11. There will be, in this new Kingdom of 9300 Thousand Inhabitants about
2300 Thousand Males naturally able to bear Arms, of which the 1/10
Part, or 230 Thousand may be spared and supported for the Purpose, being
enough for the greatest Extremity in view.
12. The Church-Lands and Tyths in England will by this Transplantation
improve, as all other Lands, from 49 to 64, or from 3 to
4: Besides the Addition of 100 Thousand Pounds per Ann. to be transferred
from the Church of Ireland to that of England for extraordinary Uses.
13. Of the 200 Thousand Pounds per Ann. allotted for the Guard of Ireland
120 Thousand Pounds is intended for 4000 Seamen in 40 small Ships sufficient
to begirt Ireland; and to guard 2 Lines: The one between the North of
Ireland and Scotland, the other between Kingsale and Silly, Which, with
two Lines more, the one from Ushent in France to Silly, and the other
from the North of Scotland to Norway, will make a real Mare Clausum never
yet described.
14. It follows from the Premisses, That it is not the Interest of England
to seek more Territory, nor to send Auxiliary Men to their Allies, worth
(being all able bodied Men) about 100l. per Head: Few such having
been observ'd to come back when once sent out.
15. Consequently England may, still think of being Sovereign within a
Mare Clausum, the Profit and Loss whereof is handled elsewhere.
16. The Lands of Ireland, by ascertaining their Names, Bounds, Titles,
and Values, and by the Simplicity of Trade here propounded, will be made
a better Material for Money than Gold and Silver, as far less subject
to Abuses; as also Usury will be thereby lessened.
17. The Manners, Habits, Language, and Customs of the Irish (without Prejudice
to Religion) will be transmuted into English, within less than an Age,
and all Old Animosities forgotten.
18. The insnaring Questions, between England and Ireland, about the Supremacy
of Parliament; the Multitude of LawSuits; the Vexations about Levying
the King's Revenue; the Irregularities of Coins, and the Want of the same
for Trade, will all, or the most part, cease and be abolished.
19. Where 5 Millions of Profit rises (as is here propounded) from the
Earth and Sea, the consequent or concomitant Profit arising from the Labors
of the People is (Generally speaking) Triple to the same,
and should in this case be 15 Millions more.
But where Land is cheap, the Rent is scarce and the Labor is above 3/5.
Wherefore we say in Ireland the Expence of the People is 6500 Thousand
Pounds, the Rent of Land almost 1/5 of the same,
or 1200 Thousand Pounds: The Labor of the People to the said Rent as 7
to 2, or 4200 Thousand Pounds. And the rest, being 1100 Thousand Pounds,
for the Interest of the Stock of all sorts.
And in England the Expence of the People is 47 Millions, the Rent of the
Land 11 Millions; the Labor of the People to the said Lands as 5 to 2,
or 27= Millions of the whole: And the remaining 8=Millions, is for the
Interest of the Stock or Personal Estates. So as when England shall gain
1/7 Part of 11 Millions by the Rent of Land, it
shall gain 5/14 of the same Summ by the Labor of
the People, vizt. about 3 Millions and 920 Thousand Pounds per Annum.